Explosives play a critical role in criminal and terrorist activities, necessitating advanced forensic methods for their analysis. Karlijn Bezemer’s doctoral research at the University of Amsterdam, in collaboration with the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI), has led to the development of new tools for the chemical profiling of explosives. Her research focuses on identifying signature properties of explosives, enabling the comparison of materials found at different crime scenes or linked to suspects. This advancement promises to enhance forensic investigations and potentially prevent future incidents.
The Importance of Chemical Profiling in Forensic Investigations
Identifying explosives is crucial for forensic investigations related to criminal and terrorist activities. Traditional forensic casework often focuses on the chemical identification of explosive materials. However, Bezemer’s research goes a step further by using chemical profiling to establish links between different crime scenes or between crime scenes and suspects. This can provide valuable tactical information for law enforcement agencies.
Beyond Identification: Establishing Links
Bezemer’s work involves creating databases of chemical profiles for various explosives. These profiles can help forensic experts determine if explosives from different crime scenes share a common source. This capability is particularly useful in cases where multiple incidents may be connected, such as a series of attacks on ATMs. By comparing the chemical profiles of explosives, investigators can uncover patterns and potentially identify suspects.
Research Focus Areas
Bezemer’s research covers three main areas: organic explosives, fireworks, and the detection of firework traces.
Organic Explosives
Organic explosives, often used in terrorist attacks, are relatively easy to produce using readily available raw materials. Bezemer studied explosives like TATP and ETN, which have been used in high-profile terrorist attacks. By creating batches of these explosives under varying conditions, she developed databases for their chemical profiling. These databases are essential for forensic research, as they provide detailed information on organic explosives’ chemical composition and production processes.
Fireworks and Flash Bangers
Fireworks, particularly hefty ones known as “flash bangers,” pose a significant safety risk. Criminals use these powerful fireworks for extortion, assaults, and attacks on ATMs. Bezemer’s research includes methods to distinguish between different batches of fireworks, particularly the Cobra type. She collaborated with the police to create an extensive collection of Cobra fireworks, which helped identify and compare seized fireworks.
Detection of Firework Traces
Detecting firework traces is critical for investigating fireworks’ illegal distribution and use. Bezemer explored screening techniques to detect firework traces on packaging materials. Her findings could aid in large-scale screening of mailed parcels, potentially curbing the illegal distribution of fireworks.
Collaborative Research and Future Implications
Bezemer’s research was conducted at the University of Amsterdam’s Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Science, the NFI, and TNO, with collaborations from the Dutch police and Defence Explosive Ordnance Disposal Service. She also conducted research in the United States at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and in collaboration with the University of Rhode Island. The study was funded by the European Union’s Internal Security Fund.
Summary
Karlijn Bezemer’s innovative research on the chemical profiling of explosives marks a significant advancement in forensic science. By developing tools and methods to identify and compare explosives, her work enhances the ability of law enforcement agencies to investigate and prevent criminal and terrorist activities. As forensic science continues to evolve, the integration of chemical profiling will play a crucial role in ensuring public safety and security.
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