Published Date: 28 February 2024
Source Link: https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.202300228
Journal: Electrophoresis
Authors: Mariya Goray, Duncan Taylor, Emily Bibbo, Chiara Fantinato, Ane Elida Fonneløp, Peter Gill, Roland A. H. van Oorschot
Emerging Use of Air eDNA and Its Application to Forensic Investigations – A Review
Abstract
This paper explores the innovative realm of environmental DNADNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is the genetic material found in cells, composed of a double helix structure. It serves as the genetic blueprint for all living organisms. (eDNA) collection, particularly focusing on its forensic applications for human DNA collection from the air. It reviews current methodologies, highlights the potential of air and dust as eDNA sources, and delves into the challenges and future research directions needed for implementation. The advent of eDNA analysis opens new doors for forensic investigations, offering a non-invasive, comprehensive method to collect DNA from air, which could revolutionize the way biological material is collected at crime scenes.
Introduction
Forensic science has long utilized DNA analysis as a cornerstone for criminal investigations. Recent advancements in DNA technology have broadened the horizon for trace sample analysis. eDNA, which has shown significant promise in biodiversity monitoring and environmental science, now presents a fascinating frontier for forensic applications. The capture of human DNA from air and dust offers a novel approach that could supplement traditional evidence collection methods, potentially overcoming the limitations faced with low success rates from trace and touch DNA samples.
Review of Current DataInformation in analog or digital form that can be transmitted or processed.
The paper critically examines existing research on eDNA, specifically its forensic implications. Studies highlight that while touch DNA remains a vital evidence source, its success rates are relatively low. The potential of air as an untapped reservoir for human DNA is discussed, alongside various methodologies for air sample collection and the challenges of contamination prevention. Research into aerosol and shedding mechanisms provides insight into how DNA can become airborne, setting the stage for exploring air sampling’s forensic applications.
Forensic Applications and Future Directions
Air sampling for human DNA posits a significant leap forward in forensic investigations. Potential uses include identifying the recent occupants of a space, aiding investigations where direct evidence collection is challenging, and providing a non-invasive method for large-scale or covert operations. The review underscores the necessity for further studies focused on optimizing air sampling methodologies, understanding the dynamics of DNA distribution in air, and assessing the viability of air-sampled DNA for forensic analysis.
Challenges and Ethical Considerations
The implementation of air eDNA collection in forensic science is not without hurdles. Technical challenges, such as optimizing sampling devices and protocols, must be addressed. Moreover, ethical considerations, particularly concerning the inadvertent collection of non-target human DNA (genetic bycatch), pose significant concerns that necessitate careful consideration and regulation.
Conclusion
Exploring air eDNA for forensic purposes offers a promising avenue for enhancing evidence collection. However, realizing its full potential requires overcoming technical challenges and ethical dilemmas. With focused research and development, air eDNA sampling could become an invaluable tool in the forensic scientist’s arsenal, providing novel insights and capabilities for criminal investigations.
Note: This article is open-access and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License. Its content may be edited for style and length.
Paper Reference: Goray, M., Taylor, D., Bibbo, E., Fantinato, C., Fonneløp, A. E., Gill, P., & van Oorschot, R. A. H. (2024). Emerging use of air eDNA and its application to forensic investigations – A review. Electrophoresis. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.202300228
